Burj Khalifa

Burj Khalifa

The Burj Khalifa (Arabic: برج خليفة‎, Arabic for "Khalifa Tower"; pronounced English: /ˈbɜːrdʒ kəˈliːfə/), called the Burj Dubai before its inauguration in 2010, may be a edifice in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. With a complete height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft) and a roof height (excluding antenna) of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building within the world since its topping come in 2009.

Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the outside completed 5 years later in 2009. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. The building was opened in 2010 as a part of a replacement development referred to as Downtown Dubai. It is designed to be the centerpiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. The call to construct the building relies on the government's decision to diversify from associate degree oil-based economy, and for Dubai to achieve international recognition. The building was originally named Burj Dubai however was renamed in honor of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and therefore the UAE government season Dubai cash to pay its debts. The building bust varied height records, as well as its designation because the tallest building within the world.

Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith, of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, whose firm designed the Willis Tower and One World Trade Center. Hyder Consulting was chosen to be the supervision engineer with NORR cluster Consultants International restricted chosen to supervise the design of the project. The design comes from the Islamic design of the region, like within the nice masjid of Sama Construction began on six Gregorian calendar month 2004, with the outside of the structure completed on one Oct 2009. The building formally opened on four Gregorian calendar month 2010 and is a component of the two km2 (490-acre) Downtown Dubai development at the 'First Interchange' on swayer Zayed Road, close to Dubai's main business district. The tower's design and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as chief creator, and Bill Baker as chief structural engineer. The first contractor was Samsung C&T of South Korea.

·        History of height increases

There square measure unconfirmed reports of many planned height will increase since its origination. Originally projected as a virtual just like the 560 m (1,837 ft) Grollo Tower proposal for Melbourne, Australia's Docklands city district development, the tower was redesigned by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Marshall Strabala, a Skidmore, Owings and Merrill creator World Health Organization worked on the project till 2006, same in late 2008 that Burj Khalifa was designed to be 808 m (2,651 ft) tall.

The creator World Health Organization designed it, Adrian Smith, felt that the topmost section of the building failed to culminate elegantly with the remainder of the structure, thus he wanted and received approval to extend its height.[citation needed] it absolutely was explicit  that this transformation didn't add any floors, that work with Smith's tries to form the crown additional slender. The building opened on 4 January 2010.

·        Plumbing systems

The Burj Khalifa's water system provides a mean of 946,000 L (250,000 U.S. gal) of water per day through one hundred klick (62 mi) of pipes.an extra 213 klick (132 mi) of piping serves the hearth emergency system, and thirty four klick (21 mi) supplies chilled water for the air conditioning system. The waste water system uses gravity to discharge water from plumbing fixtures, floor drains, mechanical equipment and storm water, to the city municipal sewer.

·        Air conditioning

The air-con system attracts air from the higher floors wherever the air is cooler and cleaner than on the bottom. At peak cooling times, the tower's cooling is forty six MW (62,000 hp), similar to that provided by thirteen,000 short tons (26,000,000 lb; 12,000,000 kg) of melting ice in at some point.Water is collected via a condensation assortment system and is used to irrigate the nearby park.

·        Window cleaning

To wash the twenty-four,348 windows, totaling a hundred and twenty,000 m2 (1,290,000 sq ft) of glass, the building has three horizontal tracks which each holding a 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) bucket machine. Above level 109, and up to tier twenty-seven, ancient cradles from davits square measure used. The top of the building is cleansed by a crew that uses ropes to descend from the highest to achieve access. Beneath traditional conditions, when all building maintenance units are operational, it takes 36 workers three to four months to clean the entire exterior.

Unmanned machines clean the highest twenty-seven further tiers and therefore the glass tower. The cleaning system was developed in Melbourne, Australia, by Coxcombic, a manufacturer of building maintenance units, at a cost of A$8 million.

·        Burj Khalifa park

Burj Khalifa is enclosed by associate degree eleven-hour angle (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA cluster. Like the tower, the park's design was based on the flower of the Hymenocallis, a xerophyte. At the center of the park is the water room, which is a series of pools and water jet fountains. Benches and signs incorporate pictures of Burj Khalifa and therefore the Hymenocallis flower.

The plants square measure patterned by water collected from the building's cooling system. The system provides sixty-eight,000,000 L (15,000,000 imp gal) annually. WET Enterprises, who also developed the Dubai Fountain, developed the park's six water features.

·        The Dubai Fountain

tside, WET Enterprises designed a fountain system at a cost of Dh 800 million (US$217 million). Illuminated by vi,600 lights and fifty colored projectors, it's 270 m (900 ft) long and shoots water one hundred fifty m (500 ft) into the air, amid a variety of classical to contemporary Arabic and other music. It is the world's second largest choreographed fountain. On 26 October 2008, Emaar announced that based on results of a naming contest the fountain would be called the Dubai Fountain.